Tuesday, November 5, 2024

hash – How are transaction hashes calculated?

I am making an attempt to calculate the hash of transactions in bitcoin blocks, however I am not getting the fitting solutions.

For instance, the genesis block has a single transaction.

This is how I am trying to calculate its hash…

Transactions are encoded as:

  • a 32 bit ‘nVersion’
  • an inventory of enter transactions, vin
  • an inventory of output transactions, vout
  • a 32 bit ‘nLockTime’

For the transaction within the genesis block, these are:

  • nVersion: 01000000
  • inputs
    • depend: 01
    • 1st enter:
      • prevout_hash: 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
      • prevout_n: ffffffff
      • scriptSig: 4d:04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73
      • sequence: ffffffff
  • outputs
    • depend: 01
    • 1st output:
      • worth: 00f2052a01000000 (hex(50*10^8) is 0000012a05f200, and bitcoin places the bytes in reverse order)
      • scriptPubKey: 43:4104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac
  • nLockTime: 00000000

If I string all these collectively finish to finish, I get 204 bytes: 01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff4d04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73ffffffff0100f2052a01000000434104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac00000000

Taking the sha256 hash of this offers 27362e66e032c731c1c8519f43063fe0e5d070db1c0c3552bb04afa18a31c6bf.

Taking the sha256 hash of that hash offers 3ba3edfd7a7b12b27ac72c3e67768f617fc81bc3888a51323a9fb8aa4b1e5e4a.

However the true transaction hash in accordance with blockexplorer.com is 4a5e1e4baab89f3a32518a88c31bc87f618f76673e2cc77ab2127b7afdeda33b.

What am I doing fallacious? How can I get to the right transaction hash?

This is my working in Python:

>>> import Crypto.Hash.SHA256 as hash, binascii
>>> tx = '01000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffffff4d04ffff001d0104455468652054696d65732030332f4a616e2f32303039204368616e63656c6c6f72206f6e206272696e6b206f66207365636f6e64206261696c6f757420666f722062616e6b73ffffffff0100f2052a01000000434104678afdb0fe5548271967f1a67130b7105cd6a828e03909a67962e0ea1f61deb649f6bc3f4cef38c4f35504e51ec112de5c384df7ba0b8d578a4c702b6bf11d5fac00000000'
>>> len(binascii.unhexlify(tx))
204
>>> hash.new(binascii.unhexlify(tx)).digest().encode('hex_codec')
'27362e66e032c731c1c8519f43063fe0e5d070db1c0c3552bb04afa18a31c6bf'
>>> hash.new(hash.new(binascii.unhexlify(tx)).digest()).digest().encode('hex_codec')
'3ba3edfd7a7b12b27ac72c3e67768f617fc81bc3888a51323a9fb8aa4b1e5e4a'

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