I believe a few of these phrases (e.g. latency) is perhaps utilized in a number of completely different Bitcoin settings and therefore have completely different meanings however I may give you my understanding of how every time period is usually used.
Ready Time – The time it takes for a transaction that you simply broadcast to be included in a block (with a single affirmation).
Throughput – The variety of transactions a blockchain can course of per second. In Bitcoin’s case I believe it’s roughly 7 transactions per second with blocks mined on common each 10 minutes.
Finality – When a transaction is taken into account closing i.e. it’s extremely, extremely unlikely for a blockchain re-org that will influence that transaction’s inclusion within the blockchain. Sometimes we think about a transaction closing when a transaction has 6 confirmations: it was included in a block and 5 different blocks have since been mined on high of that block.
Latency – The time it takes for a transaction to succeed in a specified vacation spot (maybe the whole community, a selected miner or all miners).
Affirmation Time – Used interchangeably with Ready Time. The time it takes for a transaction to be confirmed (and included in a block) from the purpose you broadcast it out to the community.
